| Language | Family | Form for THROW | Gloss for THROW | Form for BETRAY | Gloss for BETRAY |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nogai | Turkic | таслав, атув | THROW | сатув, таслав | BETRAY |
| Kumyk (Karabudakhkent dialect) | Turkic | атмакъ, ташламакъ | THROW | сатмакъ, ташламaкъ | BETRAY |
| Ancient Aramaic | Afro-Asiatic | zraḳ; ʔaddī; rmā | THROW | dgal; rmā | BETRAY |