Estonian |
Uralic |
waim |
soul, spirit |
waim |
ghost, phantom |
Bezhta |
Nakh-Daghestanian |
руьгь |
soul, spirit |
руьгь |
ghost, phantom |
Modern Greek |
Indo-European |
'pnefma |
soul, spirit |
'pnefma |
ghost, phantom |
French |
Indo-European |
esprit |
soul, spirit |
esprit |
ghost, phantom |
Welsh |
Indo-European |
ysbryd |
soul, spirit |
ysbryd |
ghost, phantom |
Middle English |
Indo-European |
gost |
soul, spirit |
gost |
ghost, phantom |
Dutch |
Indo-European |
geest |
soul, spirit |
geest |
ghost, phantom |
Old High German |
Indo-European |
ātum |
soul, spirit |
ātum? |
ghost, phantom |
Old High German |
Indo-European |
geist |
soul, spirit |
geist |
ghost, phantom |
Old High German |
Indo-European |
hugu |
soul, spirit |
hugu? |
ghost, phantom |
Old High German |
Indo-European |
muot |
soul, spirit |
muot? |
ghost, phantom |
Old High German |
Indo-European |
sēula |
soul, spirit |
sēula? |
ghost, phantom |
Old High German |
Indo-European |
sin |
soul, spirit |
sin? |
ghost, phantom |
Lithuanian |
Indo-European |
dvasià |
soul, spirit |
dvasià |
ghost, phantom |
Bulgarian |
Indo-European |
dúx |
soul, spirit |
dúx |
ghost, phantom |
Czech |
Indo-European |
duch |
soul, spirit |
duch |
ghost, phantom |
Persian |
Indo-European |
ruh |
soul, spirit |
ruh |
ghost, phantom |
Ancient Aramaic |
Afro-Asiatic |
rūχā |
soul, spirit |
rūχā |
ghost, phantom |
Karok |
Karok |
pikšip |
soul, spirit |
pikšip |
ghost, phantom |
Zuni |
Zuni |
hapa |
soul, spirit |
hapa |
ghost, phantom |
Proto Polynesian |
Austronesian |
*aitu |
soul, spirit |
*aitu |
ghost, phantom |
Proto Polynesian |
Austronesian |
*qaitu |
soul, spirit |
*qaitu |
ghost, phantom |
Proto Polynesian |
Austronesian |
*vai-lua |
soul, spirit |
*vai-lua |
ghost, phantom |
Hawaiian |
Austronesian |
akua |
soul, spirit |
akua |
ghost, phantom |
Hawaiian |
Austronesian |
ʔuhane |
soul, spirit |
ʔuhane |
ghost, phantom |
Rapa Nui |
Austronesian |
varua |
soul, spirit |
varua |
ghost, phantom |
Cayapa |
Barbacoan |
'uh-mu |
soul, spirit |
'uh-mu |
ghost, phantom |
Siona |
Tucanoan |
wati |
soul, spirit |
wati |
ghost, phantom |
Aguaruna |
Chicham |
wa'kan |
soul, spirit |
wa'kan |
ghost, phantom |
Yagua |
Peba-Yagua |
bayantu |
soul, spirit |
bayantu |
ghost, phantom |
Ese Ejja |
Pano-Tacanan |
e-kʷikia |
soul, spirit |
e-kʷikia |
ghost, phantom |
Catuquina |
Pano-Tacanan |
yočĩ |
soul, spirit |
yočĩ |
ghost, phantom |
Shipibo-Conibo |
Pano-Tacanan |
yošĩ |
soul, spirit |
yošĩ |
ghost, phantom |
Wayampi |
Tupian |
ãŋɛ |
soul, spirit |
ãŋɛ |
ghost, phantom |
Lengua |
Lengua-Mascoy |
-haŋak |
soul, spirit |
haŋak |
ghost, phantom |
Mapudungun |
Araucanian |
pɨlʸɨ |
soul, spirit |
pɨlʸɨ |
ghost, phantom |
Avar (Karakh dialect) |
Nakh-Daghestanian |
рухІ |
soul, spirit |
рухІ |
ghost, phantom |
Gününa Küne |
Puelche |
sɨkɨl |
soul, spirit |
sɨkɨl |
ghost, phantom |
Khwarshi (Kwantlada dialect) |
Nakh-Daghestanian |
рухӀ |
soul, spirit |
рухӀ |
ghost, phantom |
Godoberi |
Nakh-Daghestanian |
рухӀил |
soul, spirit |
рухӀил |
ghost, phantom |
Karata (Tokitin dialect) |
Nakh-Daghestanian |
рухІ |
soul, spirit |
рухІ |
ghost, phantom |
Dehong |
Tai-Kadai |
xɔn.1 ŋau.2 |
soul, spirit |
xɔn.1 ŋau.2 |
ghost, phantom |
Khwarshi (Khwarshi dialect) |
Nakh-Daghestanian |
рухІ |
soul, spirit |
рухІ |
ghost, phantom |
Dargwa (Gubden dialect) |
Nakh-Daghestanian |
рухІ |
soul, spirit |
рухІ |
ghost, phantom |
Dargwa (Kadar dialect) |
Nakh-Daghestanian |
рухІ |
soul, spirit |
рухІ |
ghost, phantom |
Bezhta (Khasharkhota dialect) |
Nakh-Daghestanian |
руьгь |
soul, spirit |
ругь |
ghost, phantom |
Hunzib |
Nakh-Daghestanian |
рухІ |
soul, spirit |
рухІ |
ghost, phantom |
Bezhta (Tlyadal dialect, Karauzek subdialect) |
Nakh-Daghestanian |
рухІ |
soul, spirit |
рухI |
ghost, phantom |
Khwarshi (Inkhokvari dialect) |
Nakh-Daghestanian |
рухІ |
soul, spirit |
рухІ |
ghost, phantom |
Keme (Kemie variety) |
Austroasiatic |
kviʔ.53 |
soul, spirit |
kviʔ.53 |
ghost, phantom |
Wa |
Austroasiatic |
khuan.A |
soul, spirit |
khuan.A |
ghost, phantom |
Pear |
Austroasiatic |
k`bau |
soul, spirit |
k`bau |
ghost, phantom |
Avasö |
Austronesian |
pɔta-na |
spirit (live) |
pɔta-na |
spirit (dead) |
Bauro (2) |
Austronesian |
ataro-na |
spirit (live) |
ataro-na |
spirit (dead) |
Faghani |
Austronesian |
auŋa-na |
spirit (live) |
auŋa-na |
spirit (dead) |
Ghaimuta |
Austronesian |
taruŋa |
spirit (live) |
taruŋa |
spirit (dead) |
Ghari |
Austronesian |
tindao |
spirit (live) |
tindaɔ |
spirit (dead) |
Kokota |
Austronesian |
taruŋa |
spirit (live) |
taruŋa |
spirit (dead) |
Kwaio |
Austronesian |
nunu-na |
spirit (live) |
nunu-na |
spirit (dead) |
Lengo |
Austronesian |
taruŋa |
spirit (live) |
taruŋa |
spirit (dead) |
Longgu |
Austronesian |
anoa |
spirit (live) |
anoa |
spirit (dead) |
Lungga |
Austronesian |
oŋu-na |
spirit (live) |
oŋu-na |
spirit (dead) |
Lwepe |
Austronesian |
müŋœ |
spirit (live) |
müŋœ |
spirit (dead) |
Malo |
Austronesian |
müŋœ |
spirit (live) |
müŋœ |
spirit (dead) |
Marau |
Austronesian |
hi!o-na |
spirit (live) |
hi!o-na |
spirit (dead) |
Mbilua |
Bilua |
auana |
spirit (live) |
auana |
spirit (dead) |
Nduke |
Austronesian |
ŋgohele |
spirit (live) |
ŋgohele |
spirit (dead) |
Nggela |
Austronesian |
tindalo-na |
spirit (live) |
tindalo-na |
spirit (dead) |
Nggeri |
Austronesian |
tindao |
spirit (live) |
tindao |
spirit (dead) |
Nginia |
Austronesian |
taruŋa |
spirit (live) |
taruŋa |
spirit (dead) |
Ririo |
Austronesian |
puat |
spirit (live) |
puat |
spirit (dead) |
Roviana |
Austronesian |
maŋgomaŋgo |
spirit (live) |
maŋgomaŋgo |
spirit (dead) |
Santa Ana |
Austronesian |
nunu-na |
spirit (live) |
nunu-na |
spirit (dead) |
Tanimbili |
Austronesian |
nakombio |
spirit (live) |
nakombio |
spirit (dead) |
To'ambaita |
Austronesian |
anɔ-na |
spirit (live) |
anɔ-na |
spirit (dead) |
Ughele |
Austronesian |
mamaŋgo |
spirit (live) |
mamaŋgo |
spirit (dead) |
Vano |
Austronesian |
alaŋani |
spirit (live) |
alaŋani |
spirit (dead) |
Walade (LauS) |
Austronesian |
anɔa-na |
spirit (live) |
anɔa-na |
spirit (dead) |
Indonesian |
Austronesian |
hantu |
the soul or spirit |
hantu |
the ghost |
Ket |
Yeniseian |
ulvej |
the soul or spirit |
ulvej |
the ghost |
Seychelles Creole |
Indo-European |
nanm |
the soul or spirit |
nanm |
the ghost |
Takia |
Austronesian |
ŋtu- |
the soul or spirit |
ŋtu- |
the ghost |
Yaqui |
Uto-Aztecan |
jiapsi |
the soul or spirit |
jiapsi |
the ghost |
Zinacantán Tzotzil |
Mayan |
7anima |
the soul or spirit |
7anima |
the ghost |