Language | Family | Form for HAND | Gloss for HAND | Form for ARM | Gloss for ARM |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Old High German | Indo-European | hant | hand | hant | arm |
Cha'palaachi | Barbacoan | tʲaapa | hand | tʲaapa | arm |
Dí̵mi̵na | Chibchan | gúla | hand | gúla | arm |
Ika | Chibchan | gúnni̵ | hand | gúnni̵ | arm |
Koreguaje | Tucanoan | hĩ̵tʰi̵ | hand | hĩ̵tʰi̵ | arm |
Orejón | Tucanoan | hĩ̵ti̵ | hand | hĩ̵ti̵ | arm |
Páez | Páez | kuse | hand | kuse | arm |
Piratapuyo | Tucanoan | õbõkã | hand | õbõkã | arm |
Siona | Tucanoan | ĩ̵ti̵ sada | hand | ĩ̵ti̵ sada | arm |
Tsafiqui Pila | Barbacoan | tede | hand | tede | arm |
Tucano | Tucanoan | õbṍkã | hand | õbṍkã | arm |
Avar | Nakh-Daghestanian | квер | hand | квер | arm |
Erzya Mordvin | Uralic | kedʸ | hand | kedʸ | arm |
Khanty | Uralic | yoš | hand | yoš | arm |
Komi | Uralic | ki | hand | ki | arm |
Northern Saami | Uralic | giehtɑ | hand | giehtɑ | arm |
Mansi | Uralic | kat | hand | kat | arm |
Mari | Uralic | 'kið | hand | 'kið | arm |
Nenets | Uralic | ŋuda | hand | ŋuda | arm |
Selkup | Uralic | utɨ | hand | utɨ | arm |
Lezgian (Quba dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | гъил | hand | гъил | arm |
Ancient Greek | Indo-European | 'kʰeir | hand | 'kʰeir | arm |
Modern Greek | Indo-European | 'xeri | hand | 'xeri | arm |
Old Irish | Indo-European | lām | hand | lām | arm |
Irish | Indo-European | lámh | hand | lámh | arm |
Old Norse | Indo-European | hond | hand | hond | arm |
Yiddish | Indo-European | hant | hand | hant | arm |
Lithuanian | Indo-European | rankà | hand | rankà | arm |
Latvian | Indo-European | roka | hand | roka | arm |
Bulgarian | Indo-European | rəká | hand | rəká | arm |
Serbo-Croatian | Indo-European | ruka | hand | ruka | arm |
Polish | Indo-European | ręka | hand | ręka | arm |
Russian | Indo-European | ruka | hand | ruka | arm |
Romani | Indo-European | vast | hand | vast | arm |
Negerhollands | Indo-European | han | hand | han | arm |
Hausa | Afro-Asiatic | hannu | hand | hannu | arm |
Polci | Afro-Asiatic | aam | hand | aam | arm |
Nahuatl (Sierra de Zacapoaxtla variety) | Uto-Aztecan | i-ma-y | hand | i-ma-y | arm |
Seri | Seri | -anoɬ | hand | -anoɬ | arm |
Zuni | Zuni | ʔasi- | hand | ʔasi- | arm |
Bella Coola | Salishan | suxa | hand | suxa | arm |
Upper Chehalis | Salishan | 'čališ- | hand | 'čališ- | arm |
Hawaiian | Austronesian | lima | hand | lima | arm |
Maori | Austronesian | riŋa-riŋa | hand | riŋariŋa | arm |
Rapa Nui | Austronesian | rima | hand | rima | arm |
Rotuman | Austronesian | siʔu | hand | siʔu | arm |
Tongan | Austronesian | nima | hand | nima | arm |
Cayapa | Barbacoan | 'tʸaapa | hand | 'tʸaapa | arm |
Colorado | Barbacoan | teˀde | hand | 'teˀde | arm |
Embera | Chocoan | hɨu'a | hand | hɨu'a | arm |
Epena | Chocoan | 'hua | hand | 'hua | arm |
Cofán | Cofán | tiβe | hand | tiβe | arm |
Avar (Batlukh dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | квер | hand | квер | arm |
Aymara | Aymaran | ampara | hand | ampara | arm |
Avar (Hid dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | квер | hand | квер | arm |
Avar (Andalal dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | квер | hand | квер | arm |
Mocoví | Guaicuruan | l-ḳaiʔlaʁat | hand | l-ḳaiʔlaʁat | arm |
Pilagá | Guaicuruan | l-owaḳ | hand | l-owaḳ | arm |
Maca | Matacoan | -koy m. | hand | -koy m. | arm |
Avar (Karakh dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | квер | hand | квер | arm |
Toba | Guaicuruan | l-waḳ | hand | l-waḳ | arm |
Ossetic | Indo-European | арм | hand | арм | arm |
Ossetic | Indo-European | къух | hand | къух | arm |
Avar (Araderikh dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | квер | hand | квер | arm |
Avar (Khunzakh dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | квер | hand | квер | arm |
Avar (East Gergebil dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | квер | hand | квер | arm |
Avar (Ansalta dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | кор | hand | кор | arm |
Avar (Salatav dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | квер | hand | квер | arm |
Akhvakh (Northern dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | рекьІа | hand | рекьІа | arm |
Akhvakh (Southern dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | рекьІа | hand | рекьІа | arm |
Godoberi | Nakh-Daghestanian | лела | hand | лела | arm |
Karata | Nakh-Daghestanian | рекьІа | hand | рекьІа | arm |
Karata (Tokitin dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | релʼа | hand | релʼа | arm |
Khwarshi (Khwarshi dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | лекьа | hand | лекьа | arm |
Hinuq | Nakh-Daghestanian | квезей | hand | квезей | arm |
Tindi | Nakh-Daghestanian | рела | hand | рела | arm |
Aghul (Koshan dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | хил | hand | хил | arm |
Botlikh (Miarso dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | реа | hand | реа | arm |
Chamalal (Gigatli dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | рела | hand | рела | arm |
Dargwa (Chirag dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | някь | hand | някь | arm |
Dargwa (Gubden dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | някъ | hand | някъ | arm |
Dargwa (Megeb dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | нягъ | hand | нягъ | arm |
Chamalal | Nakh-Daghestanian | йела | hand | йела | arm |
Ingush | Nakh-Daghestanian | кулг | hand | кулг | arm |
Bezhta (Khasharkhota dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | коро | hand | коро | arm |
Kryz | Nakh-Daghestanian | хаьб | hand | хаьб | arm |
Kumyk (Dorgeli dialect) | Turkic | къол | hand | къол | arm |
Hunzib | Nakh-Daghestanian | коро | hand | коро | arm |
Kumyk (Kajtak Tumenler dialect) | Turkic | къол | hand | къол | arm |
Kumyk (Kajtak dialect) | Turkic | къол | hand | къол | arm |
Kumyk (Karabudakhkent dialect) | Turkic | къол | hand | къол | arm |
Kumyk (Ter Bragun dialect) | Turkic | къол | hand | къол | arm |
Lak (Arakul dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | ква | hand | ква | arm |
Lak (Balkhar dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | ка | hand | ка | arm |
Lak (Shali dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | ка | hand | ка | arm |
Bezhta (Tlyadal dialect, Karauzek subdialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | коро | hand | коро | arm |
Tsakhur (Gelmets dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | хыл’ | hand | хыл’ | arm |
Archi (variety 2) | Nakh-Daghestanian | кул | hand | кул | arm |
Aghul | Nakh-Daghestanian | гъил | hand | гъил | arm |
Archi (variety 1) | Nakh-Daghestanian | кул | hand | кул | arm |
Lezgi (Mikrakh dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | гъил | hand | гъил | arm |
Rutul | Nakh-Daghestanian | хыл | hand | хыл | arm |
Khinalug | Nakh-Daghestanian | кул | hand | кул | arm |
Nepali | Indo-European | hāta | hand | hāta | arm |
Telugu | Dravidian | baahuwu | hand | baahuwu | arm |
Telugu | Dravidian | ceeyi | hand | ceeyi | arm |
Telugu | Dravidian | ceyyi | hand | ceyyi | arm |
Telugu | Dravidian | karam | hand | karam | arm |
Azerbaijani | Turkic | әл | hand | әл | arm |
Tibetan | Sino-Tibetan | lag pa | hand | lag pa | arm |
Kumyk | Turkic | къол | hand | къол | arm |
Judeo-Tat | Indo-European | дес | hand | дес | arm |
Udi | Nakh-Daghestanian | кул | hand | кул | arm |
Keme (Kemie variety) | Austroasiatic | thiʔ.53 | hand | thiʔ.53 | arm |
Avar (Kusur dialect) | Nakh-Daghestanian | квер | hand | квер | arm |
Phong | Austroasiatic | si.24 | hand | si.24 | arm |
Samre | Austroasiatic | ti:.A | hand | ti:.A | arm |
KNB (a Pearic variety) | Austroasiatic | daj | hand | daj | arm |
Surin Khmer | Austroasiatic | daj | hand | daj | arm |
Mang VN | Austroasiatic | ʔe:ŋ.6 | hand | ʔe:ŋ.6 | arm |
Adang, Otvai | Timor-Alor-Pantar | ʔaˈtaŋ | hand | ʔaˈtaŋ | arm |
Alorese, Alor-Besar | Austronesian | limaŋ | hand | limaŋ | arm |
Alorese, Munaseli | Austronesian | limaʔ | hand | limaʔ | arm |
Alorese, Munaseli | Austronesian | limaŋ | hand | limaŋ | arm |
Alorese, Pandai | Austronesian | limaŋ | hand | limaŋ | arm |
Arandai | South Bird's Head Family | ˈnoᵐboro | hand | ˈnoᵐboro | arm |
Kemberano, Barau | South Bird's Head Family | noᵐbore | hand | noᵐbore | arm |
Batuley | Austronesian | lim | hand | lim | arm |
Bima | Austronesian | rima | hand | rima | arm |
Bunak, Bobonaro | Timor-Alor-Pantar | gɔn | hand | gɔn | arm |
Bunak, Maliana | Timor-Alor-Pantar | gɔn | hand | gɔn | arm |
Bunak, Suai | Timor-Alor-Pantar | gɔn | hand | gɔn | arm |
Buru | Austronesian | faha+n | hand | faha+n | arm |
Busoa | Austronesian | lima | hand | lima | arm |
Cia-Cia, Kaindea | Austronesian | lima | hand | lima | arm |
Dobel | Austronesian | lima+m | hand | lima+m | arm |
Ende | Austronesian | ɹima | hand | ɹima | arm |
Geser-Gorom | Austronesian | iˈmaʔ | hand | imaʔ | arm |
Hamap, Moru | Timor-Alor-Pantar | nataŋ | hand | nataŋ | arm |
Indonesian | Austronesian | taŋan | hand | taŋan | arm |
Irarutu | Austronesian | ɸəra | hand | ɸəra | arm |
Kafoa | Timor-Alor-Pantar | tɑtɑŋ | hand | tɑtɑŋ | arm |
Kamaru | Austronesian | ˈlima | hand | ˈlima | arm |
Kamang, Atoitaa | Timor-Alor-Pantar | nɑtaŋ | hand | nɑtaŋ | arm |
Kalamang | West Bomberai | tan | hand | tan | arm |
Kedang, Leubatang | Austronesian | liŋ | hand | liŋ | arm |
Keo, Udiworowatu | Austronesian | dima | hand | dima | arm |
Komodo | Austronesian | lima | hand | lima | arm |
Kula, Lantoka | Timor-Alor-Pantar | tənna | hand | tənna | arm |
Kusa-Manea | Austronesian | nima+f | hand | nima+f | arm |
Central Lembata, Kalikasa | Austronesian | liˈma | hand | liˈma | arm |
Painara, Lerek | Austronesian | liˈma | hand | liˈma | arm |
Ile Mandiri Lamaholot, Lewoingu | Austronesian | ˈlimaŋ | hand | ˈlimaŋ | arm |
Lamboya | Austronesian | ˈlimːa | hand | ˈlimːa | arm |
Tubbe | Timor-Alor-Pantar | +tːaŋ | hand | +tːaŋ | arm |
Lio | Austronesian | lima | hand | lima | arm |
Maybrat | Maybrat-Karon | +atem | hand | +atem | arm |
Southern Mambae, Ainaro | Austronesian | limɑ | hand | limɑ | arm |
Central Mambae, Aileu Vila | Austronesian | nima+n | hand | nima+n | arm |
Central Mambae, Hatu-Builico | Austronesian | lima+n | hand | lima+n | arm |
Central Mambae, Laulara | Austronesian | nima+n | hand | nima+n | arm |
Northwest Mambae, Barzatete | Austronesian | lima+n | hand | lima+n | arm |
Northwest Mambae, Hatulia | Austronesian | lima+n | hand | lima+n | arm |
Northwest Mambae, Railaco | Austronesian | lima+n | hand | lima+n | arm |
South Mambae, Betano | Austronesian | lima | hand | lima | arm |
South Mambae, Hatu-Udo | Austronesian | lima | hand | lima | arm |
Manggarai | Austronesian | lime | hand | lime | arm |
Mor | Mor (Bomberai Peninsula) | +dar | hand | +dar | arm |
Nage, East | Austronesian | ˈdima | hand | ˈdima | arm |
Naueti | Austronesian | lima | hand | lima | arm |
Ngadha | Austronesian | lima | hand | lima | arm |
Nga'o, Oja | Austronesian | ˈʎ̝ima | hand | ˈʎ̝ima | arm |
Nga'o, Watumite | Austronesian | ˈʎ̝ima | hand | ˈʎ̝ima | arm |
proto-AP | Timor-Alor-Pantar | +tan | hand | +tan | arm |
proto-MP-ACD | Austronesian | bara | hand | bara | arm |
Palu'e | Austronesian | lima | hand | lima | arm |
Blagar, Pura | Timor-Alor-Pantar | tataŋ | hand | tataŋ | arm |
Rembong | Austronesian | mod͡zoʔ | hand | mod͡zoʔ | arm |
Ro'is Amarasi | Austronesian | nimi+f | hand | nimi+f | arm |
Rongga | Austronesian | lima | hand | lima | arm |
Suboo | Timor-Alor-Pantar | taŋ | hand | taŋ | arm |
Sika, Hewa | Austronesian | lima | hand | lima | arm |
Sika, Tana Ai | Austronesian | lima+ŋ | hand | lima+ŋ | arm |
So'a | Austronesian | ˈlima | hand | ˈlima | arm |
Kokoda, Tarof | South Bird's Head Family | jobora | hand | jobora | arm |
Teiwa, Lebang | Timor-Alor-Pantar | gəˈtan | hand | gəˈtan | arm |
Termanu | Austronesian | lima+k | hand | lima+k | arm |
Tiyei | Timor-Alor-Pantar | tataŋ | hand | tataŋ | arm |
Uruangnirin | Austronesian | ˈtaŋan | hand | ˈtaŋan | arm |
Warembori | Austronesian | ke+βera+ro | hand | ke+βera+ro | arm |
Kemberano, Weriagar | South Bird's Head Family | ˈnaᵐbore | hand | ˈnaᵐbore | arm |
Wersing, Maritaing | Timor-Alor-Pantar | təteŋ | hand | təteŋ | arm |
Wersing, Taramana | Timor-Alor-Pantar | neteŋ | hand | neteŋ | arm |
Wolio | Austronesian | lima | hand | lima | arm |
Chang | Sino-Tibetan | yik | hand | yik | arm |
Konyak | Sino-Tibetan | yak | hand | yak | arm |
Mao | Sino-Tibetan | o◦ba | hand | o◦ba | arm |
Mikir | Sino-Tibetan | ri | hand | ri | arm |
Phom | Sino-Tibetan | lak | hand | lak | arm |
Puiron | Sino-Tibetan | khut | hand | khut | arm |
Rengma | Sino-Tibetan | mbe | hand | mbe | arm |
Sema | Sino-Tibetan | a◦ou | hand | a◦ou | arm |
Tibetan (Written) | Sino-Tibetan | lag◦pa | hand | lagpa | arm |
Zeme | Sino-Tibetan | mi◦pa | hand | mi◦pa | arm |
Hokkaido Ainu | Ainu | tek | hand | tek | arm |
Bashkir | Turkic | qul | hand | qul | arm |
Buryat | Mongolic | ɡar | hand | ɡar | arm |
Bulgarian | Indo-European | rɤka | hand | rɤka | arm |
Czech | Indo-European | ruka | hand | ruka | arm |
Chukchi | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | mənɣəɬɣən | hand | mənɣəɬɣən | arm |
Dargwa | Nakh-Daghestanian | njaɢ | hand | njaɢ | arm |
Modern Greek | Indo-European | çeri | hand | çeri | arm |
Nanai | Tungusic | ŋaːla | hand | ŋaːla | arm |
Irish | Indo-European | l̪ˠaːvˠ | hand | l̪ˠaːvˠ | arm |
Croatian | Indo-European | rǔːka | hand | rǔːka | arm |
Itelmen | Chukotko-Kamchatkan | xkʔit͡ʃ | hand | xkʔit͡ʃ | arm |
Georgian | Kartvelian | xɛli | hand | xɛli | arm |
Kazakh | Turkic | qol | hand | qol | arm |
Northern Khanty | Uralic | joʃ | hand | joʃ | arm |
Khalkha Mongolian | Mongolic | ɢăr | hand | ɢăr | arm |
Komi-Zyrian | Uralic | ki | hand | ki | arm |
North Karelian | Uralic | kæsi | hand | kæsi | arm |
Latvian | Indo-European | ruɔ̯kɑ | hand | ruɔ̯kɑ | arm |
Lithuanian | Indo-European | rɐnkɑ̂ | hand | rɐnkɑ̂ | arm |
Livonian | Uralic | kɛˀʒ | hand | kɛˀʒ | arm |
Malayalam | Dravidian | kai | hand | kai | arm |
Moksha | Uralic | kadʲ | hand | kadʲ | arm |
Meadow Mari | Uralic | kid | hand | kid | arm |
Manchu | Tungusic | kala | hand | kala | arm |
Northern Mansi | Uralic | kat | hand | kaːt | arm |
Erzya | Uralic | kedʲ | hand | kedʲ | arm |
Nganasan | Uralic | dʲuty | hand | dʲuty | arm |
Nivkh | Nivkh | tæmk | hand | tæmk | arm |
Olonets Karelian | Uralic | kæzi | hand | kæzi | arm |
Northern Pashto | Indo-European | lɑs | hand | lɑs | arm |
Sakha | Turkic | iliː | hand | iliː | arm |
Northern Selkup | Uralic | utɨ | hand | utɨ | arm |
Kildin Sami | Uralic | kiːdt | hand | kiːdt | arm |
Slovene | Indo-European | ro˦ːka | hand | ro˦ːka | arm |
Southern Sami | Uralic | kɨɛtɛ | hand | kɨɛtɛ | arm |
Northern Sami | Uralic | kiɛhtɑ | hand | kiɛhtɑ | arm |
Lule Sami | Uralic | ɡi͡ɛhtɑ | hand | ɡi͡ɛhtɑ | arm |
Inari Sami | Uralic | kietɐ | hand | kietɐ | arm |
Skolt Sami | Uralic | c͡çiətːɐ | hand | c͡çiətːɐ | arm |
Tatar | Turkic | qul | hand | qul | arm |
Telugu | Dravidian | t͡ɕeːji | hand | t͡ɕeːji | arm |
Ukrainian | Indo-European | rukɑ | hand | rukɑ | arm |
Veps | Uralic | kæzi | hand | kæzi | arm |
Northern Yukaghir | Yukaghir | t͡ʃalʲdʲe | hand | t͡ʃalʲdʲe | arm |
Northern Yukaghir | Yukaghir | t͡ʃalʲdʲeŋ | hand | t͡ʃalʲdʲeŋ | arm |
Tundra Nenets | Uralic | ŋudɑ | hand | ŋudɑ | arm |
Lahu Shi | Sino-Tibetan | lA31 pɯ31 | hand | lA31 pɯ31 | arm |
Nusu | Sino-Tibetan | lo | hand | lo | arm |
Tibetan (Lhasa) | Sino-Tibetan | lak¹³pa⁵³ | hand | lak¹³pa⁵³ | arm |
Tibetan (Written) | Sino-Tibetan | lag pa | hand | lag pa | arm |
Kimochi.unn | Atlantic-Congo | owoko | hand | owoko | arm |
Kiseri.unn | Atlantic-Congo | kuoko | hand | kuoko | arm |
Lema.unn | Atlantic-Congo | kuwoko | hand | kuwoko | arm |
Machame.unn | Atlantic-Congo | woko | hand | woko | arm |
Siha.unn | Atlantic-Congo | oko | hand | oko | arm |
Berik | Tor-Orya | tafa | hand | tafa | arm |
Binandere | Nuclear Trans New Guinea | ipa | hand | i'pa | arm |
Dedua | Nuclear Trans New Guinea | mari | hand | mari | arm |
Doutai | Lakes Plain | gai^ | hand | gai | arm |
Ewage-Notu | Nuclear Trans New Guinea | iŋgo | hand | iŋgo | arm |
Faiwol (Kauwol Dialect) | Nuclear Trans New Guinea | teŋ | hand | teŋ | arm |
Fasu | Fasu | hokono | hand | hokono | arm |
Kaiy | Lakes Plain | a-kai | hand | akai | arm |
Korafe | Nuclear Trans New Guinea | uŋgo | hand | uŋgo | arm |
Nabak | Nuclear Trans New Guinea | bet- | hand | bet | arm |
Orokaiva (Dobuduru Dialect) | Nuclear Trans New Guinea | iŋgere | hand | iŋgere | arm |
Orokaiva (Kendata Dialect) | Nuclear Trans New Guinea | igeni | hand | igeni | arm |
Orokaiva (Sairope Dialect) | Nuclear Trans New Guinea | iŋgere | hand | iŋgere | arm |
Orya | Tor-Orya | taha | hand | taha | arm |
Samberigi | Nuclear Trans New Guinea | kiki | hand | kiki | arm |
Saniyo-Hiyewe | Sepik | 'ɛrɛti | hand | ɛřɛti | arm |
Seta | Nuclear Torricelli | mɛu | hand | meu | arm |
Uare | Kwalean | e'voṟe | hand | eˈvore | arm |
West Kewa | Nuclear Trans New Guinea | ki | hand | ki | arm |
Wiru | Wiru | yono | hand | yono | arm |
Gawwada | Afro-Asiatic | harɠo | the hand | harɠo | the arm |
Gurindji | Pama-Nyungan | wartarn | the hand | wartarn | the arm |
Hausa | Afro-Asiatic | hánnúu | the hand | hánnúu | the arm |
Hawaiian | Austronesian | lima (1) | the hand | lima (1) | the arm |
Iraqw | Afro-Asiatic | dawa (1) | the hand | dawa (1) | the arm |
Kanuri | Saharan | múskò | the hand | múskò | the arm |
Kildin Saami | Uralic | kīdt | the hand | kīdt | the arm |
Lower Sorbian | Indo-European | ruka | the hand | ruka | the arm |
Manange | Sino-Tibetan | 1ja | the hand | 1ja | the arm |
Oroqen | Tungusic | ŋa:la | the hand | ŋa:la | the arm |
Otomi | Otomanguean | 'ye̲ | the hand | 'ye̲ | the arm |
Sakha | Turkic | iliː | the hand | iliː | the arm |
Saramaccan | Indo-European | máun | the hand | máun | the arm |
Selice Romani | Indo-European | va | the hand | va | the arm |
Swahili | Atlantic-Congo | mkono | the hand | mkono | the arm |
Tarifiyt Berber | Afro-Asiatic | fus | the hand | fus | the arm |
Vietnamese | Austroasiatic | tay | the hand | tay | the arm |
White Hmong | Hmong-Mien | tes | the hand | tes | the arm |
Yaqui | Uto-Aztecan | mamam | the hand | mamam | the arm |
Zinacantán Tzotzil | Mayan | k’obol | the hand | k’obol | the arm |
This edge appears in cluster
and subgraphs